FAQs

A private laboratory set up to provide accurate pyrroles in urine testing (Urinary DAP Test) and to conduct research.

At Applied Analytical Laboratories, we are driven to provide you with honest, transparent, and reliable science. Our objective is to improve and enhance conventional medicine, not to replace it. Our company has a quality assurance system based on the ISO15189 standard.

Because they use a scientific method of measuring specific gravity

Other laboratories use 2 pots. One to measure Pyrrole and Urobilinogen as a combined measure and one to perform non-scientifically validated S.G. adjustments/normalisations on what is mostly urobilinogen.

AAL use a one pot collection process as SG is measured scientifically. This has an added benefit of reducing clinical waste generated, and transport and storage requirements.

Can occur at any time of the day, only when done at AAL, although morning is better.

The time of collection must be written on the collection form. All other laboratories require the second void of the day as they are unable to distinguish separate measures for pyrroles in urine and Urobilinogen.

Considering that urobilinogen is present in relatively large levels in normal urine samples and in vivo concentrations vary throughout the day – peaking at mid-day to early afternoon, the time of sample collection can consequentially affect the amount of urobilinogen present in samples tested. Moreover, the conventional method used by most laboratories can lead to false positive pyrroles in urine results where urobilinogen is being detected over pyrroles. Concluded from our studies, the effects can cause variability in positive results by up to 50%.
This finding has a pivotal effect on the reliability of the test, on treatment and ultimately patient outcomes.

The purpose of setting up our own facility is for research.

We have established working and research relationships with local, interstate, and international universities in regard to on-going research projects.

Our aim has been to clarify WHAT IS ACTUALLY BEING MEASURED in the Pyrroles in Urine test?

Our original work has made world first discoveries which has led to a properly conducted Urinary DAP test becoming a very useful clinical tool in mental health when correlated with other biochemistry and biomarkers and symptom presentation.

AAL has invested over 10 years of scientific research to progressing the pyrroles in urine test to where it is today. Brett Lambert (Lead Scientist & Director) was a key player in developing and offering the urinary pyrrole test in 2004 for doctor training by Bio Balance Health. He has conducted over 80,000 tests.

THIS IS A NAME USED TO DESCRIBE PRODUCTS FOUND IN URINE WHICH HAVE BEEN RELATED TO MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS.

Now the only accurate terminology is oxidative stress biomarker which is the appropriate name for the urinary pyrrole measure. There is no research to determine it is a condition or a syndrome or a disorder, nor is it genetic. All the symptoms associated with this name are not accurate as until recently the produce measured in urine was the combination of the pyrrole complex AND urobilinogen. UB is from the gut, Pyrrole is from red-blood cells.

Knowing pyrrole is a biomarker of oxidative stress and having separate measures for pyrroles in urine and urobilinogen has made this test much more valuable as a tool for health practitioners.

Further research is being developed to identify which symptoms relate to which measure. Support for this research through Bio Balance Health will speed up the results.

Remember this measure is a biomarker of the underlying cause which is oxidative stress.

THIS IS A NAME USED TO DESCRIBE PRODUCTS FOUND IN URINE WHICH HAVE BEEN RELATED TO MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS.

Now the only accurate terminology is oxidative stress biomarker which is the appropriate name for the urinary pyrrole measure. There is no research to determine it is a condition or a syndrome or a disorder, nor is it genetic. All the symptoms associated with this name are not accurate as until recently the produce measured in urine was the combination of the pyrrole complex AND urobilinogen. UB is from the gut, Pyrrole is from red-blood cells.

Knowing pyrrole is a biomarker of oxidative stress and having separate measures for pyrroles in urine and urobilinogen has made this test much more valuable as a tool for health practitioners.

Further research is being developed to identify which symptoms relate to which measure. Support for this research through Bio Balance Health will speed up the results.

Remember this measure is a biomarker of the underlying cause which is oxidative stress.

THIS IS A NAME USED TO DESCRIBE PRODUCTS FOUND IN URINE WHICH HAVE BEEN RELATED TO MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS.

Now the only accurate terminology is oxidative stress biomarker which is the appropriate name for the urinary pyrrole measure. There is no research to determine it is a condition or a syndrome or a disorder, nor is it genetic. All the symptoms associated with this name are not accurate as until recently the produce measured in urine was the combination of the pyrrole complex AND urobilinogen. UB is from the gut, Pyrrole is from red-blood cells.

Knowing pyrrole is a biomarker of oxidative stress and having separate measures for pyrroles in urine and urobilinogen has made this test much more valuable as a tool for health practitioners.

Further research is being developed to identify which symptoms relate to which measure. Support for this research through Bio Balance Health will speed up the results.

Remember this measure is a biomarker of the underlying cause which is oxidative stress.

THIS IS A NAME USED TO DESCRIBE PRODUCTS FOUND IN URINE WHICH HAVE BEEN RELATED TO MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS.

Now the only accurate terminology is oxidative stress biomarker which is the appropriate name for the urinary pyrrole measure. There is no research to determine it is a condition or a syndrome or a disorder, nor is it genetic. All the symptoms associated with this name are not accurate as until recently the produce measured in urine was the combination of the pyrrole complex AND urobilinogen. UB is from the gut, Pyrrole is from red-blood cells.

Knowing pyrrole is a biomarker of oxidative stress and having separate measures for pyrroles in urine and urobilinogen has made this test much more valuable as a tool for health practitioners.

Further research is being developed to identify which symptoms relate to which measure. Support for this research through Bio Balance Health will speed up the results.

Remember this measure is a biomarker of the underlying cause which is oxidative stress.

THIS IS A NAME USED TO DESCRIBE PRODUCTS FOUND IN URINE WHICH HAVE BEEN RELATED TO MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS.

Now the only accurate terminology is oxidative stress biomarker which is the appropriate name for the urinary pyrrole measure. There is no research to determine it is a condition or a syndrome or a disorder, nor is it genetic. All the symptoms associated with this name are not accurate as until recently the produce measured in urine was the combination of the pyrrole complex AND urobilinogen. UB is from the gut, Pyrrole is from red-blood cells.

Knowing pyrrole is a biomarker of oxidative stress and having separate measures for pyrroles in urine and urobilinogen has made this test much more valuable as a tool for health practitioners.

Further research is being developed to identify which symptoms relate to which measure. Support for this research through Bio Balance Health will speed up the results.

Remember this measure is a biomarker of the underlying cause which is oxidative stress.

THIS IS A NAME USED TO DESCRIBE PRODUCTS FOUND IN URINE WHICH HAVE BEEN RELATED TO MENTAL HEALTH AND BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS.

Now the only accurate terminology is oxidative stress biomarker which is the appropriate name for the urinary pyrrole measure. There is no research to determine it is a condition or a syndrome or a disorder, nor is it genetic. All the symptoms associated with this name are not accurate as until recently the produce measured in urine was the combination of the pyrrole complex AND urobilinogen. UB is from the gut, Pyrrole is from red-blood cells.

Knowing pyrrole is a biomarker of oxidative stress and having separate measures for pyrroles in urine and urobilinogen has made this test much more valuable as a tool for health practitioners.

Further research is being developed to identify which symptoms relate to which measure. Support for this research through Bio Balance Health will speed up the results.

Remember this measure is a biomarker of the underlying cause which is oxidative stress.

You do not necessarily need B6.

The Pyrrole molecule does not have anywhere to attach a B6 molecule, so it does not strip it out of the body. B6 is a strong anti-oxidant. You may have adequate B6 and perhaps low Zinc. Therefore, corresponding tests of related biochemistry are necessary to establish which is the right biochemistry plan for your individual condition.

If you have adequate B6 you may develop B6 toxicity. This is recoverable in most people but is an unnecessary risk. The Bio Balance Health Website has a public online lecture explaining B6.

PYRROLE IS A WASTE PRODUCT WHICH CAN ONLY BE MEASURED IN URINE.

No matter what it is called it the Pyrroles relevant to this test are only found in urine. Research in Australia over the last ten years, using equipment not available when this measure was first identified by Hoffer and Pfeiffer and Walsh, has shown pyrroles in urine is not a stand-alone condition but a biomarker of severity of oxidative stress and a direct by-product of fragmentation of Regulatory Haem.

Our first concern, now we have done so much research, is to make you all aware of the risk of false positives by poor collection, transport and testing processes.

Health practitioners:- Don’t risk your patients’ wellbeing or your practice security by not getting it right. Make sure you check your collection agency follows the correct collection process and sends the samples to AAL.

A zinc test will demonstrate if you have low Zinc levels and how fast you can tolerate supplementation to reach adequate functioning Zinc levels.

You will know your Zinc requirements by having a zinc test at the same time. Zinc in consumed in times of stress. The pyrroles in urine molecules do not have anywhere to attach Zinc so therefore it does not strip Zinc out of the body. Pyrrole in urine is a guide to treatment and is one of several tests you need to understand your individual biochemical imbalances.

No research has been conducted to prove a genetic factor.

As Pyrroles in urine was only differentiated from other contaminants in September 2020 a genetic profiling research project has not yet been designed. This takes time and money to set up a research project. Ethical approval for genetic testing is complex and time consuming so approval can take a long time. If you wish the answer to this question, then please donate to Pyrrole research through BBH and we can facilitate further research just like we have done to define what the science of pyrroles in urine is.

No. It is a biomarker of Oxidative stress severity.

Before the ability to use advanced equipment to identify the molecule it was considered pyrroles in urine was a standalone mental health condition. We now know it is just a biomarker of oxidative stress and only related to mental health when co presented with mental health symptoms. It provides guidance to treatment plans. For informed management of your biochemical status several tests should be conducted at the same time.

No. The pyrrole molecule does not have the chemical ability to attach a B6 molecule.

• Evidence has accumulated indicating patients receiving high dose B₆ & P5P can and are becoming B₆ This can be attributed to incorrect reporting of pyrrole levels from laboratories not actually measuring urinary pyrrole content, rather mistakenly measuring urobilinogen.
• Supplementation of over-methylating patients with B₆ can lead to psychosis and/or further suicidal ideations (B₆ catalyses the production of NAD in preference to serotonin from tryptophan/5-hydroxytryptophan. NAD exacerbates anxiety).
• There is NO scientific evidence to support the formation of a complex between pyrroles, P-5P and zinc. In fact, experiments in our laboratory have shown that there is no reaction between a model pyrrole and pyridoxal. This calls into question the “currently generally accepted” model of the disordered state and the treatment protocol.

There has been no research on the action of high levels of pyrroles in urine in the body as the molecule was only fully identified in 2020.

NOTE: We do know elevated pyrroles in urine are the RESULT of, NOT the CAUSE of oxidative stress.

It is what we thought we were measuring as Pyrrole

The compound chemical structure most referred to as “HPL” is inert except under extremely acidic conditions. The pH of the body is mildly alkaline, not acidic except in the stomach. It does NOT react with DMAB (the test reagent). AAL has unequivocally elucidated the chemical structure of the pyrrole complex which is DMAB Active. This is a comprehensive project that involves a large synthetic chemistry component as well as isolating the target from human samples. AAL is conducting this research in collaboration with local, interstate and international universities.

Zinc is an antioxidant.

Pyrroles in urine is a biomarker of oxidative stress. Zinc is essential in thousands of processes in the body. Low Zinc is strongly associated with mental health presentation.

Zinc exhibits its effect by up-regulating antioxidant processes. Pyrrole is a biomarker of Oxidative stress severity therefore quenching by antioxidants should be demonstrated by a reduction in the pyrrole measure and an improvement in symptoms.

Yes. ZINC ALSO QUENCHES UROBILINOGEN WHICH CAN EXPLAIN THE DEMONSTRATED POSITIVE RESULTS OF THE “PYRROLE” MEASURE.

Future research will collect data on the correlation between mental health symptoms which can be attributed to urobilinogen levels and those which can be attributed to pyrroles in urine levels.

Many. This test done at AAL provides measures for

Urobilinogen, Leukocytes, Blood, Bilirubin, Nitrite, Protein, Ketones and Glucose. For an extra layer of assurance ALL samples are screened using a Siemens Clinitek Advantus with 10SG reagent strips and all abnormal results are notified to the health practitioner immediately.

All abnormalities are also reported.

AAL also successfully participate in RCPA run proficiency programs for urine microbiology.

Specific Gravity is the concentration of the urine which must be known to calculate the amount of the DMAB active analyte per ml to get a standard result.

Specific Gravity and pH are excluded from these measurements as they are made constant during sample collection for assay purposes.

SG and pH are measured accurately for each sample and mathematically corrected. The common method in pyrroles in urine testing has been to readjust to standard Specific Gravity. This method has no scientific validity.

There are a number of interferences with the result.

Extensive interference study conducted on the pyrrole test found the following:

– Protein, glucose, ketones, leukocytes and nitrite, and Blood DO NOT affect the result (although sample collection is not recommended during peak menstrual bleeding).
– Bilirubin and urobilinogen, DO affect the result if not distinguished as a separate measure.
– Diazosulphanylamide drug metabolites DO affect the result.
– Patients taking benzodiazo sulphanylamides DO affect the result.
– Fasting, excess exercise DO affect the result by giving a false positive.

When it is separated out it adds to the information available. If not separated it makes the test unscientific, therefore not clinically valid.

It has been documented that urobilinogen is a major limitation in the detection of pyrroles in urine (https://www.aacb/documents/item/4458). Our research found that urobilinogen forms a weakly coloured complex with DMAB and it is present in relatively large and varying amounts in samples. Research by AAL has overcome this discrepancy by measuring the recovery of urobilinogen and using it as an internal reference.

AAL measures the urobilinogen content of samples using 2 techniques (urobilinogen is the internal reference) and both must correlate. The AAL assay has been designed to adhere to Westgard rules of quality assurance (based on urobilinogen recovery).

Our results are stand-alone and we use a set of validated reference ranges based on population studies. For patients who have had regular pyrroles in urine testing over a number of years AAL Patient Reports include a figure which can be referenced back to the gross reading in previous testing results which did not distinguish between Pyrrole and Urobilinogen.